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Content *!! Upgrading a system can take several hours, depending on the number of installed packages and the speed of the system, especially its hard disks. While the download portion of the upgrade can be done separately, the actual install portion should be done in a single pass. Most of the upgrade process is quite hands-off, but some administrator action is needed towards the end of the process if the system has a custom configuration. !!* # Update debian and ensure backups First, ensure your system is up-to-date in it's current release. `sudo apt-get update` `sudo apt-get upgrade` `sudo apt-get full-upgrade` If you haven't already, ensure all backups are up-to-date. # Edit release name in APT source In a text editor, replace the codename of your release with that of the next release in APT's package sources For instance, the line ` deb https://deb.debian.org/debian/ buster main` should be replaced with ` deb https://deb.debian.org/debian/ bullseye main` `sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.d/*` ## For those upgrading from Bookworm or later If you are migrating to Bookworm or later, then a new repo for non-free firmware is available. If you wish, you can add non-free and non-free-firmware, depending on your specific needs. For instance, the line ` deb https://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware` or ` deb https://deb.debian.org/debian/ stable main contrib non-free non-free-firmware` # Clean and update Clean and update package lists `sudo apt-get clean` `sudo apt-get update` # Do major release upgrade Perform the major release upgrade, removing packages if required *!! Interrupting this step after downloading has completed is an excellent way to stress-test your backups !!* `sudo apt-get upgrade` `sudo apt-get full-upgrade` # Remove unnecessary packages Remove packages that are not required anymore *!! Be sure to review this list: you may want to keep some of them !!* `sudo apt-get autoremove` # Reboot Reboot to make changes effective (optional, but recommended) `sudo shutdown -r now` # Confirm new release Now check the output of `uname -a ; lsb_release -a` and you should see info about the upgraded system.

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